2e Régiment de Zouaves; Intitulé 2e Régiment de Zouaves. General De Goislard de Monsabert, page 463. [33] They were also mentioned in Victor Hugo's poem Mentana. But none of the Mexican War Louisiana "Tigers" were Zouaves. Imprimer la page. [citation needed]. Des éléments zouaves sont envoyés lutter contre les Pavillons noirs au Tonkin ().Le 3 e occupe le Tonkin et l'Annam (1887).. À la suite de la loi du 9 février 1899, chaque régiment de zouaves détache un bataillon en France métropolitaine dès 1901. In the United States, zouaves were brought to public attention by Elmer E. Ellsworth, who ran a drill company called the "Zouave Cadets". In 1859, Ellsworth took over a drill company and renamed them the "Zouave Cadets". Captain White's Company B, "Louisiana Tigers", of Major Wheat's 1st Special Battalion, were not at Gettysburg; they were disbanded after Wheat's death at Gaines Mill in 1862. Le 4 e régiment de zouaves (4 e RZ) était un régiment d'infanterie appartenant à l' Armée d'Afrique qui dépendait de l' armée de terre française. COTE SHD/GR 34 Yc 5015-5053. Having earned the unusual distinction of being created on the field of battle,[13] the Zouaves of the Imperial Guard served through the remainder of the Crimean War and subsequently in all the campaigns of the Second Empire. They were, however, employed extensively as sector troops during the Algerian War. et VI/4e R.Z. En 1901 le 2° Zouaves stationné à Oran envoie son 1° bataillon au camp de Sathonay, d’où sont détachées 2 compagnies au camp de … During World War I nine regiments de marche of zouaves were created; comprising active, reserve, and new battalions seconded from other regiments. [citation needed], An English veteran, Joseph Powell, published his account of his service with the Papal Zouaves, Two Years in the Pontifical Zouaves. Légion d’honneur (obtenue lors de la bataille de Magenta), Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (5 palmes et une étoile d’argent) et Croix de guerre 1939-1945 (2 palmes) ; * 3e régiment de zouaves formé en 1852 et dissous en 1962). Fire Zouaves, which would be sworn into federal service on May 7th. Régiment. Acting as light infantry, they were equipped with smaller, lighter, weapons, mostly carbine-style “two band” muskets. [citation needed], The unit's baptism by fire occurred at the Battle of Miechów, where under the command of adjutant Wojciech Komorowski, they successfully charged Russian forces defending the local cemetery. (2e et 9e compagnie) -Bataille de Belgique et du Nord de la France avec la 12ème D.I.M.. -Prisonnier le 4 juin 1940 à Dunkerque. However, the Carlist Zouaves also wore a distinctive feature that differentiated them from existing zouave regiments elsewhere, in the form of a beret of Basque influence with a characteristic tassel. Thus the first and last fatality of the American Civil War was a Zouave. [citation needed], In 1863 and 1864, three Union regiments (146th New York, 140th New York, and 155th Pennsylvania) were issued with Zouave uniforms to reward their proficiency in drill and battlefield performance. Lt. Tytus O'Brien de Lacy escaped with 400 zouaves to Galicia in March 1863. [12], On 23 December 1854 a fourth regiment was created, the Zouaves of the Imperial Guard. Ellsworth died as the leader of the Fire Zouaves. “Duryee’s Zouaves”. The zouaves, along with the indigenous Tirailleurs Algeriens, were among the most decorated units of the French Army. [51] After the Civil War, veteran groups sometimes dressed as zouaves during honor guard ceremonies such as funeral processions, since zouave dress was considered colorful and distinctive. Their uniform and tactics were based on those of the Algerian Berbers who earned a reputation for their fast moving, agile fighting style. They were known as cannon killers, performing the extremely dangerous function of knocking off enemy cannon batteries to create a window for the rest of their force to come closer without engaging much with artillery. [29] The regiment was truly international, and by May 1868 numbered 4,592 men including 1,910 Dutch, 1,301 French, 686 Belgians, and 240 Italians. Nous pouvons comparer l’attribution des décorations de tous les régiments de zouaves pendant la guerre. For most of their remaining history the Zouaves became an essentially French body, retaining only a limited number of Muslim personnel for specialist functions such as interpreters. Zouaves fought in open order formations comprising looser, reactive groups, rather than the close order formations common to other regular infantry units. White trousers of the same style had earlier been worn as an item of hot-weather dress. Each regiment had an oriental style dressing but uniforms varied widely owing to the level of availability of fabrics and the choices of the commanders. [42] This uniform was reserved for full dress and is still used by the Barbados Defense Force band and the Jamaica Military Band (see photograph opposite). It generally included short open-fronted jackets, baggy trousers (serouel), sashes, and a fez-like chéchia head-dress. Création du 1 er régiment de zouaves, cantonné à Alger; 1870 : dans la guerre franco-prussienne, les trois premiers régiment de zouaves forment des régiments de marche ; le 1 er régiment de marche de zouaves intègre la 1 re division du général Ducrot, au sein du 1 er corps du maréchal de Mac-Mahon. During these events, their force was heavily depleted, as they suffered severe casualties. The "zouave" title was also used by Brazilian units of black volunteers in the Paraguayan War,[1] possibly due to a perceived link with Africa. They wore a black uniform with white cross and red fez. [7], The zouave regiments raised in 1914 for the First World War were the 8th and 9th. The Uniforms of the Zouaves were ironically a non uniform, as their outfit was not easy or cost effective to procure. He had learned all the Zouave drills from their drill manual and had combined these with the American style military drill. Modern American Civil War reenactments often feature zouave units. [3] The Zouaoua had formerly provided soldiers for the deys of Algiers and in August 1830 the commander of the French expeditionary force which had occupied the city recommended their continued employment in this role. The zouaves of the French Army were first raised in Algeria in 1831 with one and later two battalions, initially recruited primarily from the Zouaoua (or Zwāwa), a tribe of Berbers located in the mountains of the Jurjura Range (see Kabyles). One of the reasons for the smaller number of zouave units in the U.S. and Europe was the expense of the specialized uniform over that of mass-produced uniforms of a single color and cut. Upon mobilization for war in France, these battalions would form the nucleus of Régiments de Marche de Zouaves, each of 3 battalions. [citation needed] Another notable Zouave unit on the Confederate side was the "1st (Coppens') Louisiana Zouave Battalion", which was raised by Georges Augustus Gaston De Coppens in 1861. The Papal Zouaves were organized by Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, a former commander of North African zouaves, while a former zouave sergeant, François Rochebrune, organized the Polish Zouaves of Death who fought against Russia in the January Uprising of 1863-64. Le 8e Régiment de Zouaves est un régiment d' infanterie de l' armée de terre française. Après avoir subi en Algérie de profondes transformations, reçu du matériel puis un équipement moderne, les 1 er, 2 e et 3 e régiments de zouaves (bataillons de marche 1, 2 et 3) entraient dans la composition de la 1 re division blindée. Créé en 1914 sous le nom de 8e Régiment de Marche de Zouaves. [18] From the very beginning of World War I Zouave regiments and detached battalions saw extensive service on the Western Front. [9], By 1853, the French Army included three regiments of zouaves. General De Goislard de Monsabert, pages 461–462, Massimo Brandani, pages 34-35, "L'Esercito Pontificio da Castelfidardo a Porta Pia", published 1976 by Intergest Milano. The loose pantaloons allowed for greater freedom of movement than trousers, while the short jacket was much cooler than the long woolen blouse worn by most armies of the time. [27] On January 1, 1861 the unit was renamed the Papal Zouaves. Régiments de Zouaves. A la mobilisation, le 3 ème Zouaves devait constituer trois régiments de marche distincts : Le 3 ème de marche, par la réunion à Sathonay des 1 er et 5 ème bataillons, avec l’adjonction d’un bataillon de réserve mobilisé en France. Dernière modification le 28/03/2019 Sauvegarder dans mon espace personnel. Shortfalls in numbers were made up by detachments from the southern régions militaires of mainland France (Métropole). [21] From 1927 to 1939 the "oriental dress" of red fez ("chéchia"), blue sash, braided blue jackets with waistcoats and voluminous red trousers was reintroduced as off-duty dress for re-enlisted NCOs and other long-service regulars in the Zouave regiments. Our impression is that of a mixed Zouave and Tirailleur regiment. [38][39], The French component of the Papal Zouaves regrouped as the Volontaires de l'Ouest (Volunteers of the West) to fight on the French side in the Franco-Prussian War, where they kept their grey and red Papal uniforms. [52], The zouave uniform was sometimes quite elaborate, to the extent of being unwieldy. [49], Winters also notes that a group of itinerant actors, who claimed to have served in European wars, stimulated the Zouave craze. This regiment wore the classic zouave uniform but with yellow braiding and piping substituted for the red of the line regiments. Stalag 1 B à Hohenstein. The existence of the new corps was formally rec… The sash was especially difficult to put on, often requiring the help of another zouave. His cadet toured around the U.S., performing light infantry drills with theatrical additions. During the Second Manassas, the 5th New York alongside the 10th New York “National Zouaves” heroically held off the fierce flanking attack of James Longstreet’s Corps for a crucial 10 minutes before they were overwhelmed, suffering 120 deaths and 332 injuries within 10 minutes, the highest casualty level within the shortest time frame in the Civil War. Several Zouaves were reportedly executed or murdered by the Italian forces following the surrender. Liste des régiments de zouaves de l'armée française Régiments mixtes de zouaves et tirailleurs en 1914-1918 Mémoire Les zouaves d'autres pays Zouaves pontificaux Brésil États-Unis Pologne : les « Zouaves de la Mort » Notes et références Bibliographie Voir aussi (Don Alfonso Carlos had formerly served as a lieutenant in the Pontifical Zouaves.) [16], Zouave battalions subsequently saw active service in China during the Boxer Rising (1900–01) and in Morocco (1908–1914). In contrast to the many Federal units, most Confederate Zouaves were not full "regiments"; many were companies within larger units. Twelve Zouave battalions were recruited for exclusively North African service from French-speaking prisoners-of-war and deserters from German Alsace-Lorraine, who had volunteered to join the French Army. From March 1833 each zouave battalion was organised into ten companies, of which eight were Muslim Berbers and Arabs and two French. Travail dans les fermes à Goldap. Other regiments raised later in the Second World War were the 9th ('reactivated'), 22nd, 23rd, and 29th. puis en juin 1916, 3e R.M.Z.T. While other branches of the old French Army of Africa have either survived or been reestablished as representative units in recent years (notably the Foreign Legion, Chasseurs d'Afrique, Tirailleurs, and Spahis), France does not have any plans to recreate one of its most distinctive and best known military corps. Régiment. The Carlist Zouaves originated as the sixth company of the second battalion of the Pontifical Zouaves. In the 1870s, former Papal Zouaves formed the cadre for a short-lived Spanish zouave unit. They were known to be fast and agile, attacking in a rapid advance of 100 to 200 meters, dropping to the ground to load and fire their rifled muskets. It was initially intended, in 1830, that the zouaves would be a regiment of Berber volunteers from the Zwawa group of tribes in Algeria—thus the French term zouave—who had gained a martial reputation fighting for local rulers under the Ottoman Empire. Suivant le plan de mobilisation, les zouaves prennent part à la Grande Guerre par «régiments de marche de Zouaves» (R.M.Z. "Zouave" units were then raised on both sides of the American Civil War of 1861–1865, including a regiment under Ellsworth's command, the New York "Fire Zouaves". White canvas gaiters and leather jamberees completed the uniform. Si vous êtes fan de lecture depuis des années, découvrez sans plus tarder toutes nos offres et nos bonnes affaires exceptionnelles pour l'acquisition d'un produit Zouaves & Tirailleurs : Les Régiments De Marche Et Les Régiments Mixtes ( 1914-1918 ) ----- Tome 1. Photograph of Alfred Laroque, a Canadian Papal Zouave, taken at Montreal, Quebec in 1868 by William Notman (1826–1891), housed in the, This page was last edited on 7 March 2021, at 07:51. [35] The Zouaves fought bravely before surrender,[36] inflicting losses on the Bersaglieri of the regular Italian Army as the latter stormed the Porta Pia. Le 3 ème bis de Zouaves avec les 3 ème et 6 ème, grossi d’un bataillon de réserve, formé à Oran. [citation needed], The 9th Zouaves were the last French zouave unit. [34], The Zouaves also played a role in the final engagements against the forces of the newly united Kingdom of Italy in September 1870, in which the Papal forces were outnumbered almost seven to one. [citation needed]. In order to distinguish the troops from the officers, the color of the officer's jacket was a blue-gray shade, with a darker blue for the other ranks. [citation needed], Zouaves gradually vanished from the U.S. military in the 1870s and 1880s, as the militia system slowly transformed into the National Guard. [53], From 1830 to 1848 the zouave costume was closely derived from contemporary North African clothing. He soon took over a local drilling team named the Rockford City Greys, a cadet drilling company founded in 1859, and had renamed them to the Zouave Cadets. Historique et journaux de marches et opérations du 4ème Régiments de Zouaves : Historique du 4ème Régiment de marche de Zouaves, 1914-1918, Bizerte, SHAT, 26N 1738 ou 1742. A feature of some American zouave units, at least in the opening stages of the American Civil War, was the light infantry tactics and drill they employed. Five hundred Zwawa were recruited in August and September. Livre d'or du 4e régiment de zouaves -- 19.. -- livre. Tableau mis a jour le 15 Décembre 2020. The 3e régiment mixte de zouaves et tirailleurs (or 3rd regiment of Zouaves and skirmishers mixed, RMZT) is an American living-history organization dedicated to perpetuating the memory of the millions of French soldiers which fought during the Great War (1914-1918). Les ZOUAVES À SATHONAY et la VALBONNE Depuis une loi de 1899, les régiments de zouaves en garnison en Afrique du nord doivent détacher un bataillon en métropole. Historique des régiments de Zouaves de 1918 à 1940. 4e Régiment de Zouaves. They toured the river towns and played to an overflow audience in Plaquemine, Louisiana. dénommé Régiment de Marche du 1er Zouaves de la 45e D.I., il devient en décembre 1914, 7e R.M.Z. * 1er régiment de zouaves : formé en 1852, dissous en 1949 et reformé pendant la période 1956-1960. [26], The traditions of the zouave regiments were maintained until 2006 by the French Army's Commando Training School (CEC), which occasionally paraded colour parties and other detachments in zouave dress. The Zouaves evolved out of a unit formed by Lamoricière in 1860: the Franco-Belgian Tirailleurs. Jackson was in turn killed by Zouave Corporal Francis Brownell, an act that earned Brownell the first medal of the Civil War. A third Zouave battalion (chef de bataillon Metzinger) joined the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps shortly after the end of the war, and took part in operations against Vietnamese insurgents. Effacer les critères. The 5th New York Volunteers was seen as one of the elite units of the Army of Potomac, they served alongside the regular division led by George Sykes. Effacer les critères. Twelve years later, zouaves began to be recruited almost exclusively from Europeans, a policy which continued until the final dissolution of these regiments after the Algerian War. The Union army had more than 70 volunteer Zouave regiments throughout the conflict, while the Confederates fielded about 25 Zouave companies.A feature of some American zouave units, at least in the opening stages of the American Civil Warwas the light infantry tactics and drill they employed. The actual formation of this unit was delayed until 15 March 1855 when detachments from the zouave regiments already serving in the Crimea were brought together before Sebastopol for this purpose. Engagé au 8ème Zouaves en 1938 à Mourmelon le Grand. [citation needed], All orders were given in French, and the unit was commanded by a Swiss Colonel, M. Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (5 palmes et une étoile vermeille) et Croix de guerre 1939-1945 (2 palmes) ; * 2e régiment de zouaves : formé en 1852 et dissous en 1962). [44] The Union army had more than seventy volunteer Zouave regiments throughout the conflict, while the Confederates fielded about twenty-five Zouave companies.[45]. Their history as a corps of high-profile elite infantry, closely identified with French Algeria, made for higher morale and effectiveness than that of most conscript units from metropolitan France assigned to Algeria. [24] The 9th Zouaves based in the Casbah, played a major role in the 1957 Battle of Algiers. Zouave units were then raised on both sides of the American Civil War of 1861–65; including a regiment under Ellsworth's command, the 11th New York Infantry - the New York "Fire Zouaves". [63], Variations of zouave-style dress of the short open jacket (shama),[64] voluminous trousers (serouel)[65] and fez were worn by indigenous regiments of the French Army of Africa such as the Spahis and the Tirailleurs Algeriens, although in different colours. [citation needed], In the Third Carlist War (1872–1876) the Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime (the brother of the Carlist Pretender to the Spanish throne, Carlos, Duke of Madrid) raised a unit of Spanish zouaves, the Carlist Zouaves (Batallon Zuavos), as an honor guard for himself and his wife Maria de las Nieves Braganza. In French vernacular speech, the phrase "faire le Zouave" can be translated as "to act the goat" i.e. Site de l'Association Nationale 1914-1918, sur la Grande Guerre [5], From their beginning the Zouave units included a French European element, initially drawn from the demobilized Garde royal of Charles X and other Parisian volunteers. The zouave regiments raised in 1939 for the Second World War were the 11th, 12th, 14th, and 21st, all of which were dissolved after the fall of France in 1940. Acting as light infantry, they were equipped with smaller, lighter, weapons, mostly carbine-style “two band” muskets. [citation needed], The Papal Zouaves were a corps of volunteers formed as part of the Army of the Papal States. The Zouaves originally came as part of the French Army linked to French North Africa, which served between 1830 and 1962. 3e Régiment de Zouaves, liste généalogique de la presse ancienne Retrouvez la trace de vos ancêtres au travers des archives des anciens journaux, Les soldats, sous officiers et officiers cités dans les archives de la presse. Maintenon et la vallée de la Voise sont tenus par le 4e régiment de zouaves (4e RZ). The most famous Zouave regiments included the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry known as the “Fire Zouaves”, the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry known as “Collis’s Zouaves, and the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry a.k.a. [citation needed], At the end of the Algerian War, remaining zouave and tirailleur units were incorporated in a short-lived Force locale de l'ordre Algérienne: created under the Évian Accords of March 1962 and intended to provide a transitional peace-keeping force acceptable to both Muslim and European communities. The 11th New York was badly mauled during the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861 as it acted as the rear guard for the retreating Army of the Potomac. the Hawkins’ Zouaves, were the first Zouave Regiment to officially enter the Civil War. 1er régiment de zouaves: formé en 1852, dissout en 1949 et reformé pendant la période 1956-1960. ), ce qui permet de laisser en Afrique du Nord une unité de dépôt correspondante. [60] These included African regiments raised by Portugal, Britain, Spain,[61] and Italy,[62] as well as the West India Regiment in British service. Allet. The 11th New York was initially led by Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth, until his death in 1861. The 5th New York thus suffered the highest percentage of casualties in the shortest amount of time of any unit in the Civil War (of 525 men, approximately 120 were killed and 330 were wounded in less than 10 minutes). [8], The Zouaves saw extensive service during the French conquest of Algeria, initially at the Mouzaia Pass action (March 1836), then at Mitidja (September 1836) and the siege of Constantine (1837). In the Battle of Chroberz the Zouaves covered the retreat of the main body of Polish forces under Marian Langiewicz. Dates 1852-1877. The uniforms of the Carlist Zouaves included the baggy trousers, short jacket, vest and sash of both the French and Pontifical Zouaves. Légion d’honneu… They were reputed to have developed into fierce and fearless shock troops. The Zouave regiments did however retain significant numbers of long-service volunteers (engages volontiers et réengages) who contributed to the high morale and steadiness of these units. Their peace-time garrisons were initially at Saint-Cloud and then Versailles from 1857. Après la Grande Guerre, les Zouaves participent un temps à l’occupation de l’Allemagne avant de retourner au Maroc afin de participer à la pacification du Rif.- En 1939-40, le nombre de Régiments de Zouaves est porté à 19, dont quatre de dépôt et d’instruction restés en Afrique du Nord (21e, 22e, 23e et … [4] In 1838 a third battalion was raised, and the regiment thus formed was commanded by Major de Lamoriciere. To fire, they rolled prone and sometimes rose on one knee. Individus recherchés. The 5th battalions of the 1st and 4th Zouaves were stationed as part of the Gouvernement militaire de Paris. The regiment was to consist of sixteen hundred Zwawa Berbers, French non-commissioned officers and French officers. The zouave uniform was better suited for warm climates and rough terrain. [28], In 1863, during the Polish January Uprising against the Russian Empire, a French ex-officer who had served previously in one of the French zouave regiments, François Rochebrune, organised the Zouaves of Death. One of these battalions was roughly handled on 23 March 1885 in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao. Régiments de Zouaves – source Gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque Nationale de France. [25] The zouave regiments were finally disbanded in 1962 following Algerian independence. En activité entre 1854 et 1962, il est l'un des régiments les plus décorés de l'armée française. [14], In the opening stages of the Franco-Prussian War the bulk of the serving zouave units were amongst the Imperial field army defeated at Sedan in September 1870. The Zouaoua had formerly provided soldiers for the deys of Algiersand in August 1830 the commander of the French expeditionary force which had occupied the city recommended their continued employment in this role. [58] However, with the establishment of the zouave regiments as a permanent and integral part of the French Army, the "oriental dress" became a formalized uniform,[59] subject to regulations while retaining the distinctive features of its indigenous origins. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime, 10th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 146th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 62nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, "Turcos And The Legion: The Spahis, The Zouaves, The Tirailleurs, And The Foreign Legion", http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/st_pauls/ccha/Back%20Issues/CCHA1944-45/Marraro.pdf, "Bringing the pages of history to life for SCV students", "Peek Through Time: Jackson's fast-stepping Zouaves took Hollywood by storm in 1954 filming of 'The Court Jester, "The Playhouse : Joseph M. Schenck : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive", Lithograph of a Zouave soldier by Lucien Lefevre, 1898, for Absinthe Mugnier, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zouave&oldid=1010777171, Civil War military equipment of the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles needing additional references from April 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Nuttall Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Between 1880 and 1908 the Turkish Imperial Guard included two zouave regiments. A Zouave was distinctive in his uniform which included a pair of baggy trousers, short open jacket, a sash and an oriental headgear. It was during one of these events that Abraham Lincoln met him and using his newly found connection with Lincoln, he would go on to assemble the 11th New York Infantry Regiment a.k.a. "Louisiana Tigers". Rechercher un soldat. Régiment Année / Principaux engagements et combats; 1: 1914 Vers Charleroi Bataille de la Marne: Montmirail, Château-Thierry, Fismes Bataille des … [17], In 1899 a law created for each regiment of Zouaves a 5th Battalion, "to be stationed in France" in groupes des 5e bataillons de Zouaves. 2e régiment de zouaves (2e RZ) 2 053 résultats. At the Second Battle of Bull Run, the 5th New York, along with another Zouave regiment, the 10th New York "National Zouaves", held off the flanking attack of James Longstreet's Corps for ten crucial minutes before it was overrun. On the Confederate side, Zouave units existed in companies within larger units, instead of regiments, owing to their fewer numbers in contrast to the Union Forces. Commanding officers of the regiment were: In 1856, the West India Regiment of the British army switched its attire to a uniform modeled on that of the French zouaves. 3e RMZT The 3e Régiment Mixte de Zouaves et Tirailleurs is a unique and complex French infantry regiment from the Great War. As an example, the Wisconsin militia still included one zouave unit in 1879, but the next year, in 1880, the traditional distinctions of title and dress ceased when a standard Wisconsin Guard uniform was adopted. "[citation needed], Arguably the most famous Union Zouave regiments were from New York and Pennsylvania: the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, "Duryee's Zouaves" (after its first colonel, Abram Duryee), the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry; "Collis's Zouaves" (after their colonel, Charles H. T. Collis); and the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry, the "Fire Zouaves". En Octobre furent organisés les premiers bataillons de ces volontaires arabes qui allaient devenir un régiment de zouaves à trois bataillons en 1842. Zouaves "utilised light infantry tactics that emphasised open-order formations, with several feet between soldiers, rather than the customary close order, with its characteristic 'touch of elbows'. They moved at double-time, rather than marching to a stately cadence, and they lay on their backs to load their rifles rather than standing to do so. The zouaves of the French Army were first raised in Algeria in 1831 with one and later two battalions, initially recruited primarily from the Zouaoua (or Zwāwa),[2] a tribe of Berbers located in the mountains of the Jurjura Range (see Kabyles). [citation needed], As predominantly conscript units the zouaves did not serve in Indochina between 1945 and 1954. Duryea Zouaves, Regimental Mess, Fort Schuyler, May 18, 1861 Zouaves fought in open order formations comprising looser, reactive groups, rather than the close order formations common to other regular infantry units. [10] The Crimean War was the first service which the regiments saw outside Algeria. A New York clerk named Elmer Ephraim Ellsworth was the mastermind behind the first Zouave unit to be noticed in the United States. LES REGIMENTS DE ZOUAVES 1914-1918 1er DE MARCHE DE ZOUAVES II appartenait à la 38e division d'Afrique et il fut constitué à Saint-Denis, près de Paris, le 10 août 1914, avec le 4e bataillon, venu d'Alger, le 5e à Saint-Denis même, le 11e formé de réservistes des régions du nord et de Paris, vieux zouaves confirmés.